How Does Knee Pain Occur?
Knee pain can develop for a variety of reasons. Below is an overview of potential causes:
1. Acute Injuries
Ligament Sprains
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Sprain: often occur during movements that involve sudden stops, pivots or changes in direction.
- Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Sprain: can result from direct impact to the front of the knee.
- Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Sprain: typically caused by impact to the outer side of the knee, causing the knee to buckle inwards.
- Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Sprain: can occur from impact to the inner side of the knee, causing the knee to shift outwards.
Meniscus Tear
- The menisci are cartilage pads that cushion the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone). Meniscus tears often occur during twisting motions, sudden impacts or overuse.
Fractures
- Following a fall, especially of high impact, a break to any of the bones of the knee joint (femur, tibia, fibula, or patella) can cause significant pain.
2. Overuse Injuries
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (Runner’s Knee):
- This condition causes pain at the front of the kneecap due to excessive strain on the knee joint. Those who run, squat or go up & down stairs frequently are at risk.
Patellar Tendinopathy (Jumper’s Knee):
- Pain around the patella tendon, which connects the kneecap to the shin bone, is often due to excessive jumping, landing & change of direction activities. This injury is common in teenagers, especially as they are still growing.
Iliotibial Band Syndrome:
- The iliotibial (IT) band runs along the outside of the thigh, and when it becomes tight or inflamed, it can rub against the outer knee, causing pain, particularly in runners.
3. Chronic Conditions
Osteoarthritis (OA):
- This is where the cartilage which covers bones as a protective seal, gradually breaks down due to age, injury, increased weight, or family history. Wearing of the cartilage can lead to pain, stiffness, and swelling.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA):
- An autoimmune condition, where the body attacks the cartilage of all joints. This will cause inflammation, including of the knee joint. RA typically affects both knees and can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness.
